WAZIPOINT Engineering Science & Technology: 2018

Thursday, December 27, 2018

ক্যাপাসিটর এবং ব্যাটারির মধ্যে পার্থক্য কি?

What Is the Difference between Capacitor and Battery?

ক্যাপাসিটর এবং ব্যাটারি উভয়ই চার্জ জমা করলেও পার্থক্য রয়েছে বেশ

একটি ব্যাটারি বা একটি ক্যাপাসিটার উভয়ই চার্জ শক্তি স্টোরেজ উপাদান। কিন্তু, তারা সত্যিই একে অপর থেকে ভিন্ন।  

একটি ব্যাটারি রাসায়নিক-শক্তি আকারে শক্তি সঞ্চয় করে, যেখানে ক্যাপাসিটর ইলেকট্রস্ট্যাটিক ক্ষেত্র (field) ব্যবহার করে। 

একটি ব্যাটারি সাধারণত  শক্তির ঘনত্ব অনেক বেশি, যার অর্থ একক ঘনত্বে অনেক বেশি শক্তি সঞ্চয় করতে পারে। 

ক্যাপাসিটাররা যদিও অভ্যন্তরীণ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার ক্ষেত্রে অধিক উচ্চতর হয়, যা স্বল্প সময়ের জন্য অনেক বেশি শক্তি সরবরাহ করতে পারে। 

একটি ব্যাটারি সাধারণত তার টার্মিনাল জুড়ে একটি ধ্রুবক (constant) ভোল্টেজ বজায় রাখে, এটি প্রায় সম্পূর্ণরূপে নির্গমন হয় যখন ভোল্টেজ ড্রপ হয়ে যায়। ক্যাপাসিটরে যেখানে মুহূর্তের মধ্যে ভোল্টেজ ড্রপ শুরু হয়। 

একটি ক্যাপাসিটর  ফিল্টারিং অ্যাপ্লিকেশনএর জন্য ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। 

একটি ব্যাটারি সবসময় একটি পোলারিটি থাকে। 

 অনুরুপ ভাবে, এই তালিকাটি আরও লম্বা করা যাবে, কিন্ত আমি এখানে থামাতে চাচ্ছি।



অবশ্য, সম্প্রতি  শক্তির উৎস হিসাবে সুপার-ক্যাপাসিটারগুলি ব্যবহার করা শুরু হয়েছ, তাছারা শক্তির সংক্ষিপ্ত বিস্ফোরণের জন্যও ক্যাপাসিটর ব্যবহার করা হয়, যা বেশ মজারই বটে!

ব্যাটারি একটি সক্রিয় ডিভাইস, যা একটি সার্কিটে (power / energy)  সরবরাহ করে। ক্যাপাসিটর একটি প্যাসিভ উপাদান। তবে উভয় এই শক্তি জমা করে রাখে। শক্তি সঞ্চয়ের জন্য তাদের ব্যবহার তুলনা করা যেতে পারে।

 ব্যাটারি শক্তি সঞ্চয়ের জন্য ইলেক্ট্রোকেমিক্যাল ডিভাইস। এটি সংরক্ষিত  রাসায়নিক পদার্থ চার্জ করার সময় বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তি ব্যবহার করে। যখন নিষ্কাশন বা ডিসচার্জ হয় তখন বিপরীত রাসায়নিক ক্রীয়া হয়। উভয় চার্জ / ডিসচার্জ প্রক্রিয়াগুলিতে রাসায়নিক প্রতিক্রিয়া থাকে।

ক্যাপাসিটর, প্রদত্ত ভোল্টেজের জন্য বৈদ্যুতিক চার্জ হিসাবে বৈদ্যুতিক ক্ষেত্রে শক্তি সঞ্চয় করে।  দক্ষতার ক্ষেত্রে ক্যাপাসিটর  98% ছাড়িয়ে যেতে পারে। সুপারক্যাপ্যাসিটারগুলি এভাবে 98% এরও বেশি দক্ষতার সাথে প্রচুর পরিমাণে শক্তি সঞ্চয় করে এবং এর পুন:রাবৃত্তি ঘটে।

ক্যাপাসিটর এবং ব্যাটারি মধ্যে পার্থক্য কি?


1। ব্যাটারি একটি বর্তনী জন্য শক্তি উৎস, ক্যাপাসিটরের একটি প্যাসিভ উপাদান, যা বর্তনী থেকে শক্তি আঁকা, দোকান এবং এটি মুক্তি।

2। সাধারণত ব্যাটারি একটি ডিসি কম্পোনেন্ট হয়, ক্যাপাসিটার অধিকাংশই এসি অ্যাপ্লিকেশনের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়, যখন।এটা সার্কিট মধ্যে ডিসি উপাদান ব্লক ব্যবহৃত হয়।

3। বিচ্ছিন্নকরণের সময় ব্যাটারি অপেক্ষাকৃত ধ্রুবক ভোল্টেজ প্রদান করে, যখন ক্যাপাসিটারগুলিকে নিঃসরণ করার জন্য ভোল্টেজ নিঃসরণ দ্রুত হ্রাস পায়।





Thursday, December 13, 2018

List of ACSR Conductor Sizes as per ASTM Standard

ACSR (ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS STEEL REINFORCED)  Conductor Sizes and Specification List as per ASTM Standard

Normally animals names are used to descrive the ACSR conductrs. It is used in only a few countries and has as usual no scientific or  any other background.

The animal names are a short-cut way of describing various  standardized overhead power distribution lines, as typically used by  utilities.

Monday, December 10, 2018

How Protect Copying Blog Contents

How Protect Your Blog Post Images and Contents Being Copied from Spammers or Illegal Copier

Copying blog contents is controversial issue today, some blogger says visitors will come to the blog and they will read, copy contents as their requirement. On the other side, most of the bloggers strictly refuse to copy their blog contents without their permission. They treat it as a stealing blogger’s property.

Protect Blog Contents from Copying by others What is right where million-million tons of information are free available in the internet and people have no time to ask who the owner of it is. How will they take permission to copy a blog contents. But everybody will agree with it that copying something from others and publish as own, is not acceptable. For that reason, sometime its need to copy protect your blog contents.  It will be your own technique how and what you want to protect.

Someone who related with photography he wants to protect image copying rather than other contents. As a photographer or an artist, who make money from it obviously he wants to prevent copying his photo. Similarly other blog writers prefer to protect his/her blog contents than images.

Reality is, there is no way of stopping people from using your images or blog contents completely, while Google and others sharing sites are making more and more easy to sharing images and documents. So people thinking, something images or documents coming in Google search means fair to use.

Regarding copying image or other materials, someone agree to just motivating sending a message to “not copying other’s property”. Some others like to protect copying by disabling ‘right-click’ & content selection, ‘watermark’ for images, ‘disable hot linking’ etc. Also some expert blogger take reverse action to who copy-paste their blog contents using tools like DMCA banner, Plagiarism, Tynt.com ect. Using these tools owner of the contents sometimes get SEO beneficiary such increasing visitors, sometimes copier get looser going his site down and down on traffic.

So, you are a blogger, you have right to protect your blogs. You must set your mission to protect your blog’s contents. There are many plenteously of ways to protect your blog property from contents copier or spammers who are diverting your visitors to them.

There are many ways to copy protect your blog. Now, let know some of simple and easiest way to protect blog contents from copier.
  

Disabling Right-Click & Selection to Protect Copying


Downloading or copying images by right clicking is the easiest way, just right click on the image and select ‘save image as’. So, you can disable right click and visible a massage to copier not copying. But, this is not a permanent solution, while it’s still easy enough to copy the images in alternate way. You can just protect mass copying.

Disable Content Selection: Only disable right-click is not safe your blog data. Someone can copy from source code, this is the reason why you disable both right-click and content selection. Selecting this way, the contents copier cannot select your blog data and even not copy from source code.

But remember, there are so many expert blogger they can break your protection easily and copy the blog contents.

To apply copy protect in your own blog copy the following codes and paste anywhere using “Add a Gadget” & HTML script in your blog. Before using you can visit and try to copy an image, see how it works.

<script language=javascript>
<!--
//Disable right mouse click Script
//By Being Geeks
//For full source code, visit http://wazipoint.blogspot.com
var message="No Copy, Share Please!";
///////////////////////////////////
function clickIE4(){
if (event.button==2){
alert(message);
return false;
}
}

function clickNS4(e){
if (document.layers||document.getElementById&&!document.all){
if (e.which==2||e.which==3){
alert(message);
return false;
}
}
}
if (document.layers){
document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEDOWN);
document.onmousedown=clickNS4;
}
else if (document.all&&!document.getElementById){
document.onmousedown=clickIE4;
}
document.oncontextmenu=new Function("alert(message);return false")
// -->
</script>

Protect Copying Adding DMCA Banner

The best and easiest way to protect your blog’s contents from being copied by spammers or illegal blog-copiers. An intelligent blog copier never like to copy blog contents from a Blog with DMCA badges.

DMCA banner works like a string trap and able to attack the copied site, who copied the contents and paste his blog, that site will go down and down what we said before.
To get this DMCA, visit www.dmca.com and copy the DMCA badge from it and put on your blog, that’s enough. DMCA will act on your behalf as a deterrent for image stealers.

Plugging Tools Can Help to Protect Copying

 You can use a suitable plagiarism tools like copyscape, plagspotter, images.google.com etc to check the copied contents, which will give you the link of similarities with sites URL address, easily you can find out who copied your blog contents, then you can take action against to them.

There are many plugging sites who provide free services, you also can get paid pro services. Most of them provide much information by free tools that enough you to.

Being Obsessive not Bring Good Something



You can take precautions to protect your blog property where you paid lots of lime, but don’t be obsessive. Be happy thinking that someone copying your contents means you are delivering good something where many peoples are trying to that.

It’s not wise to waste your time trying to achieve something impossible, better to try delivery better. If you think your position there to delivery paid service, do that. People will pay to you.

Thursday, November 22, 2018

JACK AND PLUG CONFIGURATION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Jack & Plug or Plug & Socket Configuration in Various Countries

Fig-Plug and Socket Types


There is no guy who hasn’t faced fixing unmatched Plug & Socket or Jack & Plug ever you say. Especially you, who frequently visit the different location or live in an Asian country where not follow any specific standard, often face this problem during using computer/laptop, mobile etc charger.

Most of the developed countries use jack and plug configuration as per some international standard or their local standard, but many countries do not follow any specific standard, they use various configurated jack and plugs which causes this problem.

Some of the standard jack and plug descriptions are quoted below that are used in Europe, America and other countries-


  Jack                   Plug
Description
Using Countries
Schuko European CEE 7 Jack & Plug
Schuko European
CEE 7
EU, Austria, Netherland, French, Germany, Irish, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
Ungrounded Eurocord CEE 7/16 Jack & Plug

Ungrounded Eurocord
CEE 7/16
EU, Belgium, Denmark, Netherland, French, Germany, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Singapore
Belgium/ French Socket CEE 7/7 Jack & Plug
Belgium/ French Socket
CEE 7/7
Belgium, French
British Standard BS 1363 Jack & Plug
British Standard
BS 1363
French, Irish, UK, Singapore
Old British Standard BS 546 Jack & Plug
Old British Standard
BS 546
Portugal, Spain
North American Ungrounded Jack & Plug North American Ungrounded Mexico, Canada
North American NEMA 5-15 Jack & Plug North American
NEMA 5-15
Canada
Australian Standard AS/NZS 3312 Jack & Plug Australian Standard
AS/NZS 3312
Australia
Typical Pipe Work In a Project
Japanese Standard JIS C 8303  Jack & Plug
Japanese Standard
JIS C 8303
Japan
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NFPA - National Fire Protection Association - National code that covers anything to do with flammable stuff (electrical, dust, combustibles, sprinklers, fire alarms, etc);


NEC - National Electric Code, NFPA 70 (NEC is a section of the NFPA code) - Addresses proper installation of electrical equipment, devices and wiring.

The first NEC document was written in 1897 at the insistence of various insurance, electrical, architectural and other interested parties. Up to and including 2008, there have been a total of 51 editions. It is revised on a regular three-year schedule. The National Electrical Code is divided into approximately 120 articles;


NEMA - National Electric Manufacturers Association- the trade organization for electrical manufacturers. Sets common rules, practices and certifications for the manufacture of electrical components and devices;


IEC - International Electric Code - International version of NEMA,
IEC set requirements that cover the installation and management of electronic systems along with wiring and electric shock protection.


Quiz: Here is a Jack & Plug quiz for the readers; We everybody have seen the three pin Jack & Plug, if you look at this three pin plug again, there are two pin for phase and neutral are same size, and one pin for earthing or grounding which is thicker and bigger than others.
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Question for you, why this earthing pin is thicker and bigger than others? 
You can give your answer in the comments below.

Tuesday, November 6, 2018

Motor and Pump Application Formula Save Energy and Make You Smart Designer


How Motor and Pump Application Formula can Save Energy and Make You Smart Designer?

Motor and Pump applications simple formula can save energy by helping effective design for using maximum efficiency of your equipment. 


Some times we ignore these basic design formula and use larger size of equipment using thump-role formula which cases extra money energy as wastage. 



A gerotor
A gerotor (image does not show intake or exhaust) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
If we love ourself to be a energy saver or go to as green environment; we should take care of every bit of energy uses. Following motor and pump applications formula can help us to effective use of energy.

Centrifugal Applications


AFFINITY LAWS

The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a pump or fan due to


  • change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm)
  • geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter
Following three affinity formulas are related with simply motor horse powerRPM (revolution per minute), Flow and pressure.

Flow2
=
RPM2
Flow1
RPM1
Pres2
=
(RPM2)2
Pres1
(RPM1)2
HP2
=
(RPM2)3
HP1
(RPM1)3


Where:
Pres=Pressure
RPM= Revolutions Per Minute

FANS AND BLOWERS


Centrifugal Fans and Blowers typically have one of seven types of wheels that draw the air into the inlet of the blower housing, through the wheel, and discharges it at 90 degrees out through the discharge of the housing.

The two most common types of Centrifugal Blowers are Pressure Blowers and Volume Blowers.

Fans and Blowers are very common uses in industry, Basic three formula can help you to design effective and perfect size of fan and blower as your desired. 

HP  =
CFM x PSF
33000 x Efficiency of Fan
HP  =
CFM x PIW
6356 x Efficiency of Fan




HP  =
CFM x PSI
229 x Efficiency of Fan



Where:
CFM= Cubic Feet per Minute
PIW= Inches of Water Gauge
PSF= Pound per Square Foot
PSI= Pound per Square Inches

PUMPS

Pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.

Perfect capacity of pump design and operation is very important which can help the following two simple formula.


HP  =
GPM x FT x Specific Gravity
3960 x Efficiency of Pump



HP  =
GPM x PSI x Specific Gravity
1713 x Efficiency of Pump




Where:
FT= Head in Feet
GPM= Gallons Per Minute
PSI= Pounds Per Square Inch

VOLUME OF LIQUID IN A TANK


Gallons= 5.875 x D2 x H
1 gallon (US) of water weights 8.33 lb
Specific gravity of water- 1.0

Where:
D= Diameter of Tank in feet
H= Height of liquid in feet

Motor Application Formulas

Following motor applications formula is necessary everyday every moment.  It will help to calculate your motor's HP (Horse Power), Kilowatts, Torque in Pound-feet or Newton-meter.

HP(Horse Power)  =
Torque (lb-ft) x RPM
5252



Kilowatts  =
Torque (N-m) x RPM
9550




Torque (lb-ft)  =
Horse Power (HP) x 5252
RPM



Torque (N-m) =
Kilowatts x 9550
RPM




1HP= 746 watts
Hope motor and pump application formula will help to design a smart and effective energy saving initiative. 

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