What is Kite Safety Mark for Cables?

Kite Safety Mark for Cable

Why Kite Safety Mark is used by European standards?

The label BSI kitemark for any product assures that the product has been produced under a system of supervision, control, and testing and can only be used by manufacturers who have been granted the license under the scheme. It does not necessarily cover safety unless the appropriate British Standard specifies a safety requirement.

A cable manufacturer uses a kitemark for their product means its guarantees the product’s electrical, mechanical and thermal safety. It does not guarantee the product’s performance.

The Symbol of the BSI kite and safety marks

The Kitemark is originally known as the British Standard Mark.  The BSI has created two important marks of safety, the BSI kite mark and the BSI safety mark, which are shown in Fig.

Goods manufactured to the exacting specifications

laid down by the British Standards Institution (BSI) are suitable for the purpose for which they were made. There seems to be a British Standard for practically everything made today, and compliance with the relevant British Standard is, in most cases, voluntary.

However, when specifying or installing equipment, the electrical designer or contractor needs to be sure that the materials are suitable for their purpose and offer a degree of safety, and should only use equipment that carries the appropriate British Standards number.

The Value of Kitemark

When a cable uses kitemark on it, sees cables extensively tested against British, European, and international standards in a UKAS-accredited laboratory. The BSI Cable Batch Verification Kitemark has been achieved by that company.

Globally recognized, BSI Kitemark is a symbol that demands respect. Over 82% of UK adults recognize both the Kitemark and understand what it stands for:

1. Safety: 93% believe a Kitemark product is safer;
2. Quality: 91% say the Kitemark gives the reassurance of quality;
3. Trust: 88% have more trust in Kitemark products;
4. Reputation: 88% believe a Kitemark product comes from a reputable company.

History of Kitemark

The first-ever Kitemark registered back in 1903 was to set a standard for tramway rails, and after its implementation, reportedly saved the industry £1 million!

Security of Kitemark

The name 'Kitemark' came from the kite-based shape of the mark's design once drawn up. The mark comprises three letters, a 'B' on its back, with an 'S' placed inside a 'V' underneath. These represent the words 'B for British', ' S for Standard', and 'V for Verification'.

Kitemark Blog

The BIM Software Kitemark: One year on

Today marks the first anniversary of the BSI Kitemark™ for Building Information Modelling (BIM) software. The Kitemark provides assurance that BSI-certified BIM software supports alignment with the BIM ISO 19650 framework. 

Read the full post

AC and DC Motors Types

 

Motor Types Block Diagram

Common Types of AC and DC Motors

An AC motor can be defined as an electric motor that is driven by an alternating current (AC). A DC motor is also a rotatory electric motor that converts Direct current (DC energy) into mechanical energy. 

An electrical motor is mainly classified into three types.

1. AC Motors.
2. DC Motors.
3. Special Motors.

Farther it can be divided into 4 types as follow:

AC motors are mainly of two types – synchronous AC motors and induction motors.

1. Synchronous
2. Asynchronous(Induction)
3. Brushed
4. Brushless

DC Motor may be divided into the following 4 ways

1. Permanent Magnet DC Motors. The permanent magnet motor uses a permanent magnet to create field flux. 
2. Series DC Motors. In a series DC motor, the field is wound with a few turns of a large wire carrying the full armature current. ...
3. Shunt DC Motors.
4. Compound DC Motors.

What is Electric Motor?

ANS. An electric motor is an electrochemical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction of a magnetic field and current-carrying conductors to generate force.

Two essential parts of a motor

An electric motor consists of two major parts, 

rotor and stator.

 Advantages and Disadvantages of AC and DC Motors

Advantages of AC Motors:

1. Low cost,
2. long life,
3. high efficiency,
4. large ratings available (to 1 MW or more),
5. a large number of standardized types.

Disadvantages of AC Motors:

1. Starting inrush current can be high,
2. speed control requires a variable frequency source.

Advantages of DC Motors:

1. Precision positioning,
2. High holding torque,
3. Long lifespan,
4. Low maintenance,
5. High efficiency.

Disadvantages of DC Motors:

1. Some can be costly,
2. Require a controller,
3. Higher initial cost,
4. Requires a controller.

Types of Transformers and Transformers Symbols

A transformer is a passive electrical device or a static device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple courses. The transformer does this by linking two or more electrical circuits using a standard oscillating magnetic circuit produced by the transformer itself.

Generally, the electrical transformer is a component consisting of two or more coils coupled by magnetic induction. It is used to transfer electrical energy, and to increase or decrease the voltage in an AC circuit, keeping the frequency fixed.

The exceptional auto-transformer has only one winding.

Different types of Transformers Symbols

How Do Electronic Thermostats Work In HVAC System?

What Are Electronic Thermostats and How Do They Work In HVAC Systems?

A communicating electronic thermostat in an HVAC system is a device that can measure temperature and send out the result of the measurement; this means a thermostat basically switches the heating system on and off accordingly. 

It detects by sensing the air temperature, switches on when the heating of air temperature falls below the thermostat setting, and switches off when the set temperature has reached.  

Why are Some Colored Balls Mounted on High-Voltage Power Lines?

Aerial Marker Balls and Balisor Attached in High Voltage Power Transmission Lines

If you come across a high-tension overhead power transmission lines conductor, some colored balls hanging on those conductors will catch your eye. Seeing them, you must also have a question what is their usefulness? Are they applied just for decoration? So the answer is no. Neither are they applied for decoration nor do they have anything to do with electric transmission. Actually, they are used for the safety of aircraft.

What Is Aerial Marker Ball?

The colored plastic balls hanging on overhead electricity conductors are called aerial marker balls. They are installed along the length of transmission line conductors that are normally not visible enough to act as a visual warning so low-altitude flying aircraft like helicopters don’t run into them.

These colorful balls are colloquially called "marker balls" and are used to protect from crashes of low-flying aircraft and helicopters. Using these blinked aerial balls onto high voltage transmission conductors, actually makes it visible to the pilot from significant distance wires are clearly seen by the pilot. Although you may not have realized it, these balls are commonly used on mountain roads, deep valleys, major highway crossings, and airports. These are all places where aircraft fly at low altitudes, which causes them to get angled in these wires.

These aerial balls are proving to be very beneficial not only for aircraft but also for birds. Migratory birds coming from faraway countries can easily see high-voltage wires with the help of these balls and avoid getting entangled in them.

The story of the arrival of these balls is also very interesting.

In the 1970s, when the Governor of the US state of Arkansas "Winthrop Rockefeller" was about to land the plane, he noted that the wires next to the airport could prove to be dangerous for the aircraft and some measures should be taken that That the pilot of the aircraft can see these wires clearly.

Since then these balls have come into vogue.

What Is Balisor in the High Voltage Power Transmission Line Attached?

There’s also something called a balisong, which is actually a system of glowing beacons that use low-pressure neon lamps positioned along the length of high-voltage power lines. The system is extremely simple, efficient, and reliable and is considered the most economically viable solution.

The screenshot is owned by OBSTA.

A typical balisor is just under 1 meter long and the capacitor is formed from a conductor about 4 meters long.  The operating principle is fundamental.  As the voltage in the line parallel to the balisor conductor rises or falls from zero the capacitor charges.  When the voltage across the neon lamp reaches the striking voltage of the neon it illuminates.  When the voltage falls below the discharge-sustaining threshold the light is extinguished.  The voltage rises and falls 50 or 60 times per second, so the neon illuminates 100 or 120 times per second.  To the human eye, it is permanently lit.

Its working principle is attractive because it uses a phenomenon usually considered a weakness. However, a large disadvantage is that it does not work when the line is switched off. It cannot also be used on HVDC power lines, but similar devices may be also used on mast radiators.

List of Cable and Cable Accessories Manufacturer Companies

XLPE Power Cable

Cable and Cable Accessories Manufacturer Companies in the world

• Europian Cable and Cable Accessories Manufacturer Companies list

• Arnocanali - Producers & distributors of plastic & aluminium cable trunking, mesh trays, components for conditioning systems & more.
  https://www.arnocanali.it/
  
• Aros Quality Group AB - Produces transformers, cables, plastic injection moulding, and metal stamping.
  https://www.aqg.se
  
• Batt Cables plc - UK cable supplier and distributor including, computer cable, power cable, network cable, electrical cable and accessories.
  http://www.batt.co.uk/

Which Standard is Followed XLPE Power Cable Manufacturer?

XLPE Cable System Standards That Manufacturers Followed

Cable manufacturers follow some rules during manufacturing XLPE cable systems that are designed to meet requirements set in national and international standards. Some of these are listed below.

IEC Standard for Cable Manufacturing

XLPE cable systems specified according to IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are among many other standards accepted. IEC standards are considered to express an international consensus of opinion.

Some frequently used standards are:
IEC 60183- Guide to the selection of high-voltage cables.
IEC 60228- Conductors of insulated cables.

IEC 60229- Tests on cable over sheaths that have a special protective function and are applied by extrusion.

IEC 60287- Electric cables – Calculation of the current rating.
IEC 60332- Tests on electric cables under fire conditions.

IEC 60811- Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables.

IEC 60840- Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above 30 kV (Um=36 kV) up to 150 kV (Um=170 kV). Test methods and requirements.

IEC 60853- Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables.

IEC 61443- Short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with rated voltages above  30 kV (Um=36 kV)

IEC 62067- Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above  150 kV (Um=170 kV) up to 500 kV (Um=550 kV) - Test methods and requirements

CENELEC Standard for Cable Manufacturing

In Europe, cable standards are issued by CENELEC. (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation.) Special features in design may occur depending on national conditions.

HD 620

Distribution cables with extruded insulation for rated volta-ges from 3.6/6 (7.2) kV up to and including 20.8/36 (42) kV.

HD 632 

Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltage above  36 kV (Um=42 kV) up to 150 kV (Um=170 kV). Part 1- General test requirements.

Part 1 is based on IEC 60840 and follows that standard closely. HD 632 is completed with a number of parts and subsections for different cables intended to be used under special conditions which can vary nationally in Europe.

ICEA / ANSI / AEIC Standard for Cable Manufacturing

For the North, America cables are often specified according to
- AEIC (Association of Edison Illuminating Companies)
- ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association)
- ANSI (American National Standards Institute) or

The most frequently standards referred to are:

AEIC CS7-93 

Specifications for crosslinked polyethylene insulated shielded power cables rated  69 through 138 kV.

ANSI / ICEA S-108-720-2004 Standard for extruded insulation power cables rated above 46 through  345 kV.

For North, America cables are often specified according to ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc.)

S-97-682 

The standard for utility shielded power cables is rated 5-46 kV.

S-108-720 

The standard for extruded insulated power cables rated above

46 through 345 kV.

ISO Standards for Cable Manufacturing

Generally, cable Manufacturing systems comply with the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 and also some are certified by Bureau Veritas, Quality International.

The List of XLPE Cable Manufactured Frequently

• XLPE Wire
• PVC Wire
• Fibreglass Wires
• Rubber Wire
• Elastomeric Wires
• Control Wires
• Power Cable
• Control Cables
• Flexible Control Cables
• Heat Resistant Flexible Cable
• Multicore Flexible Cable
• Single Core Flexible Cable
• Flexible Silicone Cable
• Rubber Pvc Cable
• Rubber Armoured Cable
• Epr Cable
• Rubber Cable
• Rubber Insulated Cable
• Single Core Rubber Cable
• H07rn-F Cable
• Butyl Rubber Cable
• Neoprene Rubber Cable
• Vir Cable
• Trs Cable
• Flat Rubber Cable
• Festoon Rubber Cable
• Rubber Welding Cable
• Nbr Rubber Cable
• Nitrile Rubber Cable
• Multi-Core Rubber Cable
• 11kv Rubber Cable
• 3.3kv Rubber Cable
• 1.1kv Rubber Cable
• 6.6kv Rubber Cable
• 6.6 Kv Rubber Insulated Cable
• Ht Rubber Cable
• Epdm Rubber Cable
• Silicone Wire
• Silicone Cable
• Silicone Rubber Cable
• Silicone Multicore Cable
• Silicone Single Core Cable
• Silicone Insulated Cable
• Silicone fg Cable
• Silicone Battery Cable
• Silicone Cable 3 Core
• Silicon Cable
• Sili Cable
• Ul Approved Silicone Cable
• 11kv Silicone Cable
• 3.3kv Silicone Cable
• 1.1kv Silicone Cable
• 6.6kv Silicone Cable
• 6 Awg Wire Silicone
• Silicone High Voltage Wire
• Silicone High-Temperature Cable
• PTFE Wire
• PTFE Teflon Wire
• PTFE Multicore Cable
• PTFE Cable
• Ptfe Shielded Cable
• High-Temperature Furnace Cable
• High-Temperature Wire
• High-Temperature Cable
• Ht Motor Cable
• High Tension Cable
• Fire Survival Cable
• Heat Resistant Cable
• High Voltage Cable
• Data and Computer Cables
• Cables for Drag Chains
• Motor, Servo & Feedback Cables
• Drum Cables
• Robot Cables
• Water-resistant Cables
• Flat and Ribbon Cables
• Single Conductors
• Compensating Cables
• Coaxial Cables
• Airport Cables 400 Hz
• Truck Cables
• Armoured Cable - SWA & AWA
• Fire Performance Cable
• Mining, Drilling & Tunnelling Cable
• Medium Voltage Cable
• Railway & Metro Cable
• Mining Cable
• Marine Cable
• Trailing Cable
• Fixed Wiring Cable
• LAN Cable
• BUS Cable
• Coaxial Cable
• Telephone Cable
• Welding Cable
• Defence Cable
• Fibre Optic Cable
• Submarine Cable
• High Mast Cables
• Extra-High Voltage Cables (EHV Cable)
• Belden Cable
• Belden Alternative Cable
• LSZH Cable (Low smoke zero halogens)
• Power Network & Local Distribution Cable
• Marine & Offshore Cable
• Tri-Rated Cable
• Low Tension Power Cable (LT Cable)
• Thermocouple Extension/ Compensating Cable
• Electrical Wire and Cable for Home and Residential
• Winding Wires
• Marine and Offshore Cables for Ship and Boat
• Solar Power Cable
• BS5308 Cable
• BS5467 Cable
• BS5839-1 Cable
• BS6004 Cable
• BS6195 Cable
• BS6231 Cable
• BS638 Part 4 Cable
• BS6387 Cable
• BS6500 Cable
• BS6622 Cable
• BS6724 Cable
• BS6883 Cable
• BS7211 Cable
• BS7629-1 Cable
• BS7835 Cable
• BS7846 Cable
• BS7870 Cable
• BS7917 Cable
• BS7919 Cable
• BS8436 Cable
• BS EN 50288 Cable
• BS EN 50525 Cable
• CSA 22.2 No. 210-11 Cable
• CSA FT1 Cable
• IEC 60228 Cable
• IEC 60502 Cable
• IEC60092 Cable
• IEC 60840 Cable
• IEC 61158 Cable
• IEC 62026-3 Cable
• NEK 606 Cable
• NF C32-321 Cable
• NF C32-322 Cable
• NF M87-202 Cable
• UL758 Cables & Wires
• UL1007 Cables & Wires
• UNE 21123 Cable
• VDE0250 Cable
• VDE0266 Cable
• VDE0274 Cable
• VDE0276 Cable
• VDE0472 Cable
• VDE0812 Cable
• VDE0815 Cable
• BASEC-Approved Cable
• British Standard Cables
• DNO-Approved Cable
• DNV-Approved Cable
• Harmonized Cable
• IEC Cable

The list of the biggest cable manufacturer in the world

The list of the largest cable manufacturer in the world considering the revenue is as below:

Company	Employees	Revenue in billion USD (approximately)
Prysmian Group	22,000	9.0
Nexans	25,000	7.3
Hengtong Optic Electric Co. Ltd.	15,361	7.2
Sumitomo Electric Industries	12,000	5.8
Southwire	7,500	5.5
LS Cable & System	9,168	5.1
General Cable	11,700	4.9
Furukawa Electric	4,192	4.6
Furukawa Co.	44,853	3.1
Walsin Lihwa	7,000	2.5
Far East Cable	10,000	2.2
Grupo Condumex	5000	1.34
Jiangnan Group	3655	1.16
Polycab India Ltd	8,000	0.91
Qingdao Hanhe Cable	4,000	0.75