Types of Circuit Breakers: How to Classify Circuit Breaker?

Types of Circuit Breakers

Circuit Breakers are mechanical switching devices that can make, break, or carry a circuit manually or automatically under normal and abnormal conditions. 

The Circuit Breaker is described in short as CB.; The characteristics of a Circuit Breaker are as follows:

Electrical Substation Equipment: Lightning Arrester and Its Functions

A Lightning Arrester, also known as a Surge Arrester or Lightning Protector, is an essential piece of electrical equipment used in electrical substations and power systems. Its primary purpose is to protect substation equipment and the power grid from the damaging effects of lightning strikes and transient overvoltages.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs during thunderstorms when the charge separation in the atmosphere creates a high-voltage electrical discharge between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. When lightning strikes occur, they can induce extremely high voltages and currents in nearby power lines and electrical equipment, posing a significant threat to the power grid's integrity and the equipment connected to it.

Electrical Substation Equipment: Instrument Transformer and Its Functions

Fig-Instrument Transformer CT&PT

An instrument transformer is a type of electrical device used in power systems to facilitate the measurement, protection, and control of electrical quantities. It transforms high voltage and high current levels commonly found in power systems into standardized values suitable for measurement and monitoring by instruments and relays. There are two main types of instrument transformers: current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs), also known as potential transformers (PTs).

Lightning Protection Devices for Thundering Protection

Fig-Sample of thundering in a vibrant cityscape

Lightning Protection Devices

The lightning protection device is by means of modern lightning and other technology to prevent electrical equipment from being struck by lightning. Lightning protection equipment can be divided into lightning protection, lightning protection socket, antenna feeder protection, signal lightning protection, lightning protection test equipment, measurement, control system lightning protection, and earth pole protection.

Conditions for Current Carrying Capacity of Power Cable

The tabulated current ratings are designed by the conditions below 

Current carrying capacity is defined as the amperage a conductor can carry before melting either the conductor or the insulation. Cables are mainly designed as per requirement. Power cables are mainly used for power transmission and distribution purposes. It is an assembly of one or more individually insulated electrical conductors, usually held together with an overall sheath.

Consider one circuit of a three-phase load to make sense.
Load factor = 1.0

Maximum operating conductor temperature :
70 degrees Celsius ( PVC insulation ) and 90 degrees Celsius ( XLPE insulation );
No other heat sources are installed near the group of cables.

Story of Ancient Electricity

The ancient battery in the Baghdad Museum

Ancient Electricity Generation and Using Procedure

Herein this article will try the understand the history of the first electricity evaluation and ancient electricity generation procedures, and the uses of electricity. We also introduce ourselves to Baghdad Battery.