Carrier 23XRV High-Efficiency Variable Speed Screw Chiller

Fig: a 3D sectional view of a screw compressor

Carrier 23XRV chiller is the world’s first integrated variable-speed screw chiller

Carrier’s Evergreen® 23XRV chiller is the world’s first integrated variable speed, water-cooled, screw chiller. It incorporates significant breakthroughs in water-cooled chiller technology to provide excellent reliability and achieve superior efficiencies at true operating conditions all without compromising the environment.

The 23XRV chiller provides:

• High efficiency: variable speed, positive displacement screw compressor.
• High-performance: certified to 0.299 kW/ton AHRI IPLV.
• Environment-friendly: chlorine-free HFC-134a refrigerant.
• Low harmonic distortion: IEEE-519-compliant.
• Versatile: an ideal solution for constant and variable flow pumping systems.

High Efficiency Chiller

Next-generation technology: The 23XRV incorporates high-efficiency screw compressor technology with an innovative tri-rotor design.

Energy efficiency: This refrigerant-cooled, variable frequency drive (VFD) chiller has the ability to reduce speed and optimize operation independent of ambient conditions. This unique capability permits the chiller to precisely match the building load and conserves energy.

High part-load performance: IPLV to 0.299 kW/ton(Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigerant Institute (AHRI) integrated part-load value)

High-performance tubing: Carrier's Evergreen chillers utilize advances in heat transfer technology, providing compact, high-efficiency heat exchangers. Tubing with advanced internally and externally enhanced geometry improves chiller performance by reducing overall resistance to heat transfer while reducing fouling.

FLASC sub-cooler: Located at the bottom of the condenser, the Flash sub-cooler (FLASC) increases the refrigeration effect by cooling the condensed liquid refrigerant to a lower temperature, thereby reducing compressor power consumption. 

AccuMeterTM flow regulation: Regulating refrigerant flow according to load conditions, the AccuMeter system provides a liquid seal at all operating conditions and eliminates unintentional hot gas bypass.

Environmental Leader Screw Chiller

Sustainable long-term solution: The Evergreen 23XRV screw chiller epitomizes Carrier's long-held commitment to the environment and its dedication to innovation. The 23XRV offers customers a long-term, high-efficiency, chlorine-free chiller solution that will not be affected by refrigerant phaseouts.

Chlorine-free refrigerant: Carrier's decision to utilize non-ozone-depleting HFC-134a refrigerant lets customers select a safe and environmentally sound product without having to compromise on efficiency.

Reliability of screw compressor

Advanced tri-rotor compressor: The tri-rotor compressor used in the 23XRV has been designed for extremely high reliability. It features balanced rotor geometry and shorter screw lengths, resulting in vastly reduced compressor bearing loads and a minimum L10 compressor bearing life in excess of 500,000 hours when operated at Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) standard conditions.

Superior oil management: All Evergreen 23XRV chillers regulate oil temperature, viscosity, and pressure. Rather than relying on differential system pressure to lubricate the compressor, the 23XRV uses a patented process to ensure that high-quality oil is delivered to the compressor bearings via a positive displacement pump. This allows continuous operation with cold condenser water at all loads. Should the input power to the chiller be lost, the system is designed to assure proper lubrication of the bearings during cost down.

Refrigerant-cooled VFD: Refrigerant cooling of the variable frequency drive (VFD) minimizes VFD size and ensures proper cooling of the transistors for extended life. Using R-134a refrigerant instead of water also eliminates costly maintenance of the water cooling pump, heat exchanger, and rubber tubing used with water-cooled VFDs.

Cooler tube expansion: The cooler tube is fitted with expansion values at center support sheets to prevent unwanted tube movement and vibration, thereby reducing the possibility of premature tube failure. The tube wall is thicker at the expansion location, and at support and end-tube sheets, in order to provide maximum strength and long tube life.

Double-grooved end-tube sheet holes: The double-groove design provides a more robust seal than single-rolled joints, reducing the possibility of leaks between the water and refrigerant sides of the chiller.

Advanced design 23XRV chiller

Low harmonic distortion: The Evergreen 23XRV chiller generates less than 5% total harmonic distortion at the input to the variable frequency drive (VFD) without the use of any external filters or line reactors. This ensures that the VFD cannot exceed the IEEE-519 standard for distortion at the point of common coupling. The integrated VFD provides a soft start, further reducing stress on the compressor and inrush current at start-up.

Fully charged at shipment: 23XRV chillers can be shipped fully charged with refrigerant from the factory, minimizing the time required for start-up. Furthermore, an option for in-chiller refrigerant storage reduces maintenance time.

Positive pressure design: The positive pressure design used in the 23XRV ensures that air, moisture, and other performance-degrading contaminants are not sucked inside the chiller. This eliminates purge units and their associated maintenance.

Product Integrated Control (PIC III): Carrier's direct digital electronic controls (PIC III) provide unmatched flexibility and functionality. Each unit integrates directly with the Carrier Comfort Network® (CCN) system, providing a solution to control applications.

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How Mobile App Boosts Business To Grow

Technology is playing a crucial role in growing business in many ways. And the mobile app is one of the many forms which help your business to boost drastically.

Mobile applications play different roles from different perspectives. In business, the mobile app always helps to grow the goodwill of the business.

How to Promote Your Gojek Clone App Business by Using Social Channels?

People discover new apps through word of mouth from friends, family, and colleagues. Besides, social media plays a salient role in attracting new users. How many times did you come across an ad about a newly launched app on Instagram and swiped up the “Learn More” button? Quite a few times, right? Be it an Uber ad or a local Grocery Store ad, social media platforms like  Instagram and Facebook have innumerable ways to promote it apart from just advertisements. In this blog, we will learn about how you can promote your multi-service Gojek Clone App on social media channels.

Emergency Restoration System for EHV & HV Power Transmission

ERS is short for Emergency Restoration System, well known to the line crew of national grid, and utility companies, and associated with other power transmission and distribution companies. ERS structures are designed for quick bypassing and restoring the transmission line in an emergency.

Why ERS Structure Is Required?

ERS Tower

Damage or breakdown is always unplanned. So, always a pre-planned is necessary to overcome the breakdown within the shortest time. ERS structure is pre-fabricated for quickly and safely bypassing damaged permanent structures; also ERS structures allow us to rebuild or replace the permanent structures with minimum time constraints.

What Is Terrain ERS Tower?

The same ERS tower is not effectively used everywhere in the glove due to the geographical diversity in the world. So, ERS tower or ERS structure types are mainly considered:

       I.          support mountain-to-mountain span;

      II.          crossing the hot and hard-packed sands in the desert area;

         III.          Soft-soiled flood plains territory.

What Specification Should Consider for ERS Tower?

The following specification should be considered for selecting an emergency restoration system (ERS) tower:

                           i.          the column sections' workability of ERS;

                         ii.          the foundations for erection ERS;

                       iii.          the articulating gimbal joint of ERS tower;

                       iv.          the guy wire specification;

                         v.          the guy wire accessories;

                       vi.          the insulators;

                      vii.          the anchors to balance the load;

                    viii.          the guy plates to take sufficient tension;

                       ix.          the conductor hardware;

                         x.          Construction tools;

                       xi.          other spare parts;

                      xii.          computer software and trained personnel.

What Standard Should Follow for ERS Structure?

Sponsored:

ERS structure is principally used in an emergency situation. So, product quality considering safety must be the highest prioritized. Marinating international standard-there is the “IEEE Guide for the Design and Testing of Transmission Modular Restoration Structure Components”, including earlier or later versions. Strict conformance of IEEE 1070-2006 includes testing requirements, material requirements, fabrication requirements, and all other geometric and dimensional requirements listed in the IEEE 1070 standard, without exception.  The manufacturer shall submit with his proposal, a certified copy of the Design Test Report as required in Section 4 of IEEE Standard 1070-2006.

Feature Components of ERS Structure

ERS structure needs to contain the following feature components to make it easy and simplified various configurations to comply with emergency system restoration:

a.     light-weight to allow for manual transportation;

b.    different configurations;

c.     Comply with IEEE Standard 1070-2006, “IEEE Guide for the Design and Testing of Transmission Modular Restoration Structure Components”;

d.    minimizing the number of guy wires used to be;

e.     welding complies with Section 3 of IEEE Standard 1070;

f.      Testing complies with the IEEE Standard 1070-2006 “IEEE Guide for the Design and Testing of Transmission Modular Restoration Structure Components”;

g.     size and diameter of threaded fastener comply with IEEE Standard 1070;

h.    All used ferrous materials must be galvanized complying with standard ASTM A153;

i.       All Column sections must comply with IEEE Standard 1070;    

j.      All column sections must be tested in accordance with Sections 5.1 and 5.2 of IEEE Standard 1070;

k.     All Foundation Plates, Gimbal Joint, Guy Plates, Box Sections, and Insulators must be made in accordance with IEEE Standard 1070.

Listed Tools for Installation ERS Tower

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A number of hydraulic tools and hand tools are required to assemble and erection ERStower:

A.   Anchor Installation Tools

                           i.          gasoline hydraulic power unit;

                         ii.          hydraulic driving hammer;

                       iii.          hydraulic rotary hammer;

                       iv.          hydraulic proof testing unit;

                         v.          hydraulic hoses, rock drill bits, torque installation tools, etc.

B.   Construction Tools

                           i.          snatch blocks and rigging ropes;

                         ii.          A ½ ton hydraulic capstan winch with foot pedals;

                       iii.          high-quality 2-ton Tractel Tirfor-style grip hoists;

                       iv.          reversible ratchet;

                         v.          six (6) to three (3) ton reversible chain hoists;

                       vi.          pulling eyes;

                      vii.          automatic wire grips;

                    viii.          double loop 6x37 steel wire rope slings;

                       ix.          self-contained 6-ton hydraulic wire cutter;

                         x.          foundation stakes;

                       xi.         Aluminium conductor lifting hooks, etc.

Testing and Commissioning:

After installation must carry out the field testing and commission before going to operate. This test may include visual, equipment-oriented, or even software base computerization.

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PARTIAL DISCHARGE TESTING OF POWER CABLE

Partial Discharge (PD) in Electrical Power Cable:

Why PD?

No matter way where you are an engineer or a technician for electrical power cable, you need a piece of pretty good knowledge about Partial Discharge or shortly PD to understand your cable life or the possibility of unwanted cable faults. You may gather knowledge about PD by watching video clips on YouTube or reading a blog or article about PD.

Introduction of Partial Discharge (PD):  

Partial discharge (PD) is one of the most important factors for a power cable system. The partial discharge measurement methods of assessing the quality of the insulation of power cable systems, especially for extruded insulation materials.

Where Partial Discharge Occur:

We can think of partial discharge for cable systems from two major points of view:

01. Partial Discharge within the whole cable

02. Partial Discharge in an individual              location

Partial Discharge Measurement:

 

Normally major factory test carried out on the insulation of the whole drum of extruded cable is the partial discharge test. This is usually done at power frequency, but can also be carried out at very low frequency and at some voltage significantly higher than normal working voltage to ground. PD test is a very sensitive method to find out very minor failures such as little void or skip of insulation layer during manufacturing time.

But this factory test is not sufficient for the end users of the cable systems, during cable shipping, cable installation, cable jointing, and termination; cable insulation may damage or crack. Minor damage or crack is not possible to find out during commissioning or energizing time. After a little longer time this defect increased slowly and finally cracked. By statistics from the cable systems, most of the cable faults occur in cable jointing and termination point.

For Better Results:

So it is better to observe the magnitude and phase of the partial discharge signals and how they vary with increasing and then decreasing test voltage, results will disclose information on the type and position of the defects and their probable effect on cable life.

Finally in conclusion we can say, if the cable system can be tested in the field to show that its partial discharge level is comparable with that obtained in the factory tests on the cable and accessories, it is the most convincing evidence that the cable system is in excellent condition.

Recycling of Underground Power Transmission Line

What happened to Underground Power Cable Line after it finished Lifetime:

What will happen to the underground power transmission line at end of service life, the cable can be recovered for recycling or left in place forever.

In a conventional overhead power transmission line, every part of the material including the conductor is easy to recollect and recycle.

Direct buried cable is not so easy to recollect from 1.5-meter deep earth. Still, lots of oil-filled cables which already buried, and we can’t just leave them in place after the end of their service life, they are containing some hazardous materials, leaking oil to the vicinity for a long time!

The good news is that modern special graded XLPE cables replace older oil-filled cable technology, polyethylene which has cross-linked molecules to allow extremely high temperatures without melting.

Typically each circuit line has 3 conductors and the amount of copper up to 25 tons per kilometer for a larger core. This hues amount of copper can recycle into the same graded copper which can recover plant costs and keep a positive footprint for carbon-di-oxide emissions.

During planning and designing a new underground power transmission line project, it should consider the recycling of cables. Route line selection and laying procedure should be well-matched to cable recycling in the future.