Separation of Core Losses Calculation in a Transformer
The core loss of a transformer depends upon the frequency and the maximum flux density when the volume and the thickness of the core laminations are given.
The core loss is made up of two parts
(i) Hysteresis loss
Hysteresis loss in transformer is denoted as,
Wh = Khƒ (Bm) 1.6 watts
Hysteresis loss in a transformer occurs due to magnetization saturation in the core of the transformer.
Magnetic materials in the core will eventually become magnetically saturated when they are placed in a strong magnetic field, such as the magnetic field generated by an AC current.
(ii) Eddy current loss
When an alternating magnetic field is applied to a magnetic material an emf is induced in the material itself according to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic induction. Since the magnetic material is a conducting material, these EMFs circulates currents within the body of the material.
These circulating currents are called Eddy Currents. They will occur when the conductor experiences a changing magnetic field.
Eddy current loss in transformer is denoted as,
We = Keƒ 2 Kf2ƒ Bm2 watts
Where,
Kh = Hysteresis constant.
Ke = Eddy current constant.
Kf= form constant.
Copper loss can simply be denoted as,
IL2R2′ + Stray loss
Where,
IL = I2= load of the transformer, and R2′ is the resistance of transformer referred to as secondary.
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